49 BC
Ancient
Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon
Julius Caesar led his 13th Legion across the Rubicon River from Gaul into Italy, defying the Roman Senate. This act of treason ignited a civil war and ultimately ended the Roman Republic.
On This Day in History
1776
Politics
Thomas Paine Publishes 'Common Sense'
Thomas Paine's pamphlet 'Common Sense' was published anonymously in Philadelphia. The powerful argument for American independence sold over 500,000 copies and galvanized colonial support for revolution.
1861
War & Conflict
Florida Secedes from the Union
Florida became the third state to secede from the United States. The secession vote passed 62 to 7, pushing the nation closer to civil war.
1870
Invention
John D. Rockefeller Founds Standard Oil
John D. Rockefeller established Standard Oil Company in Cleveland, Ohio. The company would grow to control approximately 90% of U.S. oil refining, making Rockefeller the richest American in history.
1920
Politics
League of Nations Formally Established
The League of Nations came into existence with the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. Though intended to prevent future wars, the League was weakened by the United States' refusal to join.
1946
Politics
First United Nations General Assembly Meets
The first session of the United Nations General Assembly convened at Methodist Central Hall in London with 51 nations represented. The organization had been founded to maintain international peace and security.
1984
Politics
U.S. and Vatican Establish Full Diplomatic Relations
The United States and the Vatican established full diplomatic relations for the first time in 117 years. President Reagan appointed William Wilson as the first U.S. ambassador to the Holy See.