1913
Politics
Federal Reserve Act Signed
President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act, creating the central banking system of the United States. The Federal Reserve became the most powerful financial institution in the world.
On This Day in History
1783
Politics
Washington Resigns Commission
General George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army at the Maryland State House. His voluntary relinquishment of power was unprecedented and cemented republican ideals.
1823
Culture
A Visit from St. Nicholas Published
The poem commonly known as 'Twas the Night Before Christmas' was published anonymously in a New York newspaper. The poem established many modern traditions of Santa Claus and Christmas Eve.
1688
Politics
James II Flees England
King James II fled London during the Glorious Revolution, effectively abdicating the throne. His departure led to the coronation of William and Mary and the establishment of constitutional monarchy.
1947
Technology
Transistor Invented
John Bardeen and Walter Brattain demonstrated the first working transistor at Bell Labs. The tiny device replaced vacuum tubes and launched the electronics revolution that created the modern world.
1972
Disaster
Managua Earthquake
A devastating 6.2 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of Managua, Nicaragua, killing over 11,000 people. International relief efforts were hampered by the corrupt Somoza regime.
1888
Culture
Van Gogh Cuts Off His Ear
Vincent van Gogh severed part of his left ear during a mental health crisis in Arles, France. The incident became one of the most famous episodes in art history.