660
Ancient
Traditional Founding of Japan
According to tradition, Emperor Jimmu founded Japan on this date. February 11 is celebrated as National Foundation Day in Japan.
On This Day in History
1531
Religion
Henry VIII Recognized as Head of English Church
The English clergy recognized King Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. This break with Rome was precipitated by the Pope's refusal to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
1752
Science
Pennsylvania Hospital Opens
The first hospital in the American colonies, Pennsylvania Hospital, opened in Philadelphia. Founded by Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond, it pioneered many medical practices.
1809
Invention
Robert Fulton Patents the Steamboat
Robert Fulton received a patent for his steamboat design. His North River Steamboat had already demonstrated the commercial viability of steam-powered river travel.
1929
Politics
Vatican City Established as Sovereign State
The Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Holy See established Vatican City as an independent sovereign state. The treaty resolved the 'Roman Question' that had persisted since Italian unification.
1990
Civil Rights
Nelson Mandela Released from Prison
Nelson Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison after 27 years of imprisonment. His release marked the beginning of the end of apartheid in South Africa.
2016
Science
Gravitational Waves Detected for First Time
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration announced the first direct detection of gravitational waves, confirming Einstein's century-old prediction. The waves were produced by two merging black holes.