1431
War & Conflict
Joan of Arc's Trial Begins
The trial of Joan of Arc began in Rouen, France. The 19-year-old was charged with heresy and witchcraft after leading French forces to victories against the English.
On This Day in History
1613
Politics
Michael Romanov Elected Tsar of Russia
Michael Romanov was elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty that would rule Russia for over 300 years until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
1804
Invention
First Steam Locomotive Runs in Wales
Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive made its first journey at the Penydarren Ironworks in Wales. It hauled ten tons of iron over nine miles, proving steam traction was viable.
1848
Politics
Communist Manifesto Published
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published 'The Communist Manifesto' in London. The pamphlet became one of the most influential political documents in history.
1862
War & Conflict
Battle of Valverde in New Mexico
Confederate and Union forces clashed at the Battle of Valverde during the Civil War's New Mexico Campaign. It was the largest battle fought in the New Mexico Territory.
1965
Civil Rights
Malcolm X Assassinated
Civil rights leader Malcolm X was shot and killed while speaking at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. Three members of the Nation of Islam were convicted of the assassination.
1972
Politics
Nixon Visits China
President Richard Nixon arrived in Beijing for a historic week-long visit to the People's Republic of China. The trip, opening relations after 25 years of hostility, was a pivotal Cold War moment.