1810
Politics
Mexican War of Independence Begins
Father Miguel Hidalgo rang the church bell of Dolores and issued the 'Grito de Dolores,' calling for Mexican independence from Spain. The cry launched an 11-year war that created the Mexican nation.
On This Day in History
1620
Exploration
Mayflower Departs Plymouth
The Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, England, carrying 102 passengers seeking religious freedom in the New World. The 66-day voyage would lead to the founding of Plymouth Colony.
1987
Science
Montreal Protocol Signed
Nations signed the Montreal Protocol to phase out chemicals depleting the ozone layer. The agreement is considered the most successful international environmental treaty, as the ozone layer has begun recovering.
1908
Technology
General Motors Founded
William C. Durant founded General Motors in Flint, Michigan. The company grew to become the world's largest automaker for decades, shaping American industry and culture.
1810
Politics
Chilean Independence Process Begins
Chile's first national governing junta was established, beginning the process of independence from Spain. September 18 is now celebrated as Chile's independence day.
1498
Religion
Tomás de Torquemada Dies
The infamous Grand Inquisitor of Spain died after 15 years of leading the Spanish Inquisition. His name became synonymous with religious persecution and intolerance.
1982
War & Conflict
Sabra and Shatila Massacre
Lebanese Christian militia forces massacred hundreds of Palestinian refugees in the Sabra and Shatila camps in Beirut. The atrocity, committed during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, drew worldwide condemnation.